The blaze broke out at a key facility near Matanzas, one of the country’s most important refining hubs. Authorities said emergency crews worked through the night to contain flames and prevent further damage to storage tanks and nearby infrastructure.
Cuba has already been grappling with chronic fuel shortages driven by aging energy infrastructure, reduced imports and tightening financial constraints. The refinery disruption is expected to further strain electricity generation and public transport systems, with officials warning of temporary service adjustments.
The government in Havana said Mexico has continued to send crude and refined fuel shipments despite US sanctions that restrict energy trade with the island. Cuban state media described the tankers as “blockade-defying,” referencing the long-standing US embargo.
Mexico’s state oil company, Petróleos Mexicanos, has in recent years provided fuel assistance to Cuba under cooperation agreements. The shipments have drawn scrutiny in Washington, where US officials maintain sanctions remain in force against the Cuban government.
The United States has upheld economic restrictions under successive administrations, citing governance and human rights concerns. Havana argues the sanctions have severely limited its access to global markets and financial systems, contributing to shortages of fuel, food and medicine.
Energy analysts say the refinery fire could exacerbate rolling blackouts and reduce industrial output if repairs take weeks or months. Cuba’s energy system relies heavily on imported fuel, and domestic refining capacity has been under pressure for years.
Authorities have not yet released a full damage assessment or confirmed how long the affected refinery will remain offline, as investigations into the cause of the fire continue.